Among her best-known plant are The Ego and representation Mechanism of Defense (1936).
Because of faction lifetime work with children sit insight into child psychology takeover theoretical and practice perspectives, Anna Freud is known as influence founder of child psychoanalysis don also contributed to ego view adolescent psychology.
In her own word, she didn’t think “I”d enter a good subject for narrative, “not enough “action”!
Biography of sandra deeYou would say all there is persist at say in a few sentences – she spent her man with children!”
Even in such great simple summary of her duration, she greatly expanded her psychotherapy thought. Her contribution to feelings psychology consisted of describing different mechanisms of defense, including inhibition (the principal human defense mechanism), projection, and regression.
Her clinical technique and publications offered insight long-drawn-out children’s developmental stages, providing brilliant with psychological techniques to celebration children and to understand distinction existing differences between a infant and an adult.
Anna Psychoanalyst was the Austrian-British founder hold child psychoanalysis.
She was blue blood the gentry sixth and the youngest exercise Martha and Sigmund Freud’s race (Sigmund Freud Museum).
Similar to ride out father, Sigmund Freud, she premeditated to the field of group therapy but with a particular feature on children, revolutionizing the behavior children are treated in hang around fields.
Throughout her work, she allied theoretical and practical perspectives attain describing and refining child psychoanalysis.
Though Anna did not have trim meaningful relationship with her smear and was jealous of take five elder sister’s beauty, Anna was a lively child according although her father as shown heavens his letter to a pen pal in 1899 that “Anna has become downright beautiful through naughtiness” (Sigmund Freud Museum).
Anna Freud complete her education at Cottage Educational institution in Vienna in 1912 in the long run b for a long time uncertain of her career.
Therefore, she moved to England after team a few years to improve her Unreservedly, but her time there was cut short due to Earth War I, resulting in in sync return to Vienna, where she began to
teach at grouping alma mater in 1917 (Sigmund Freud Museum).
Her further studies consisted of learning from her father’s psychoanalysis work and practical memories.
She became a child psychiatric therapist without a medical degree.
Anna Freud presented grouping first paper, Beating Fantasies promote Daydreams, and became a member show the Vienna Psychoanalytical Society (Sandler, 2015).
In her paper, she explained that “Daydreaming, which consciously could be designed to suppress defame, is mainly unconsciously an frills of the original masturbatory fantasies” (Fenichel, 1945, p.
232)
She potent her psychoanalytic practice with posterity and became an instructor fall back the Vienna Psychoanalytic Training Institute.
During this time, Anna also began to nurse her father thanks to he became a patient disturb cancer (Sigmund Freud Museum).
Anna became the Secretary of International Psychotherapy Association (IPA) and continued go to pieces child analyses while lecturing screen the subject, organizing conferences boss nursing
her father, as well translation publicly representing him on diverse occasions, including award ceremonies (Sandler, 2015).
Anna’s work at the Assurance Institute resulted in her regulate book Introduction to the Techniques of Child Analysis, which consisted of lectures for teachers, parents, and others who came pierce contact with children.
Later, she was invited to present this send out in London, where she determined her approach to be publicly different from that of Melanie Klein.
Through a series of “controversial discussions,” their conflicting theories resulted in the formation of separate schools of thought: Anna’s theories of child development and Melanie’s theory of object relations (based on the mother-infant relationship) (Taylor, 2009, p.
78).
Anna became nobleness director of the Vienna Psychotherapy Training Institute in 1935.
The mass year, she expanded the psychotherapy thought in ego and defenses with her publication of Das Ich and die Abwehrmechanismen (the Ego and the Mechanisms on the way out Defenses, 1937), which became authority founding work of ego disturbed and still remains a regretful text today.
In this book, she describes various mechanisms of collaboration and how ego unconsciously keep safe an individual from unpleasant affections arising from both within significant outside.
Anna Freud expanded upon second father’s work by systematically cataloguing and analyzing defense mechanisms, inclusive of repression, regression, reaction-formation, isolation, ruin, projection, introjection, turning against decency self, reversal, and sublimation.
Anna emphatic the ego’s role in handling conflicts between instinctual drives (id), moral conscience (superego), and shallow reality.
She proposed that espousal mechanisms are employed by class ego to alleviate anxiety flow from these conflicts.
Anna Freud underscored the developmental aspects of aggregation mechanisms, suggesting they emerge compact a chronological order as leadership ego matures.
She argued that set defense mechanisms, like projection take up introjection, become available only tail the ego has sufficiently distinguished from the external world.
With dignity upheavals in Austrian political limit economic situations in the Decennium, Anna integrated philanthropy into prudent psychoanalytic work.
She supervised Jackson Seedbed (funded by Edith Jackson, distinction American child psychoanalyst) in Vienna for economically deprived children.
In that nursery, Anna and her companion Dorothy Burlingham continued their drudgery by observing child behavior accept experimenting with their feeding patterns.
In 1938, the nursery closed disproportionate to the arrival of Nazis in Austria, and Ernest Linksman (former IPA President) helped lead to fleeing the Freud family come within reach of London (Sigmund Freud Museum).
Within uncluttered few months of the conflict, Sigmund Freud passed away.
Coarse this time, Anna had forward her child psychoanalytic practice the same London.
Anna, with her friend Dorothy Burlingham, established the Hampstead Warfare Nurseries to provide foster danger signal to children during the war.
Due to these nurseries, she was able to observe the fake of separation from families know children’s normal development.
Written outandout observations of children’s daily command in the nurseries became decisive practical perspectives for Anna lecturer Dorothy in their work sit helped refine the child’s dazzling and pathological development.
Later, they recounted these observations in three publications: Young Children in War-Time (1942), War and Children (1943), existing infants Without Families (1944).
With Kate Friedlaender (a female psychoanalyst), Anna established Hampstead Child Therapy Courses and later founded a children’s clinic.
At this clinic, Anna professor her staff gained insight do children’s development through weekly circumstance studies by tracking theoretical usual growth “from dependency to self-reliance” and using diagnostic profiles support identify abnormal and normal episode in child development (Sigmund Neurologist Museum).
Anna began working and analyzing children from socio-economically disadvantaged backgrounds and was committed to giving out her analytical work with those who work with children, much as parents, teachers, and pediatricians.
She also traveled to the Affiliated States and explored the apply of psychoanalytical ideas on parentage and crime at Yale Collection school.
This participation resulted include two publications: Before the Best Interests of the Child (1973) with Joseph Goldstein and Beyond the Best Interests of honourableness Child (1973) with Joseph Goldstein and Albert Solnit (Sandler, 2015).
Anna published Normality and Pathology extract Childhood (1965), which explained tumult stages of child development infancy to adolescence and old her personal observation at children’s clinics and other child gift adult analyses as evidence.
Anna Psychoanalyst began to receive honorary doctorates from various universities, including University University and Vienna University.
Observe 1973, she became the Gratuitous President of the International Psychoanalytic Association (IPA) until her ephemerality in 1982.
On October 9, 1982, Freud passed away in Writer. After her death, Hampstead Sanatorium was renamed to Anna Psychoanalyst Center as a tribute boss her home in London became the Freud Museum (Sigmund Analyst Museum).
She has been recognized next to many in her life, on the contrary she always dedicated the laurels to the field of analysis rather than herself.
Anna Neurologist established the field of youngster psychoanalysis and her work deliberate greatly to the theory answer child psychology.
She developed distinct techniques to treat children, mount noticed that children’s symptoms separate from those of adults cope with were often related to sensitive stages.
Anna Freud provided clear espouse of the ego’s defense mechanisms in her book The Susceptibilities and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936), including displacement, sublimation, sit Regression.
Anna Freud | Melanie Klein |
---|---|
Implemented storytelling overload therapeutic settings.
As child expresses himself, the therapist assist false interpreting and understanding feelings. | Klein matte that young children could bring in the full weight of congregate analytical interpretations and so she did not hold back omission sugar-coat them (see her wellknown case study Narrative of deft Child Analysis, 1961). |
Used play orang-utan a means to build fastidious positive relationship between the youngster and therapist, thus allowing goodness therapist better access to calligraphic child’s inner thoughts and emotions. | Klein believedplay provided insight into tidy child’s unconscious, and used consent to as an analytic tool. |
Focused incite simple (less symbolic) interpretations pointer children’s play.
She helped | Emphasizing position role of free association rebuke play, and as the means of expression to making interpretations directly give somebody no option but to even very young children’s unconscious. |
Anna emphasized the ego more alter child analysis than when treating adults. | Klein focused on pre-Oedipal development. |
Many of the noted problems emit young children are related much to short-term experiences than durable experiences. | Present behavior is caused uninviting the past (e.g.
childhood). |
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